BIOB111_Assessment_Assignment_S1 Chemistry and Biochemistry

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In the last few decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically. The rise in obesity is thought to correlate with the increased intake of added sugar and/or the large-scale consumption of “junk food”. As a student of Chemistry and Biochemistry you have been asked to explain why John, who is 18 years old, is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. John consumes a large amount of fried chips (carbohydrate rich meal) with most meals and weighs 40 kg more than the recommended weight for his age. In your explanation, outline the processes involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of carbohydrate.

I. Explain the metabolic pathways/processes involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of the carbohydrate rich meals that John consumes. (Word limit =700 words)

II. Explain how John’s over-consumption of carbohydrate rich meals has caused him to become obese (excess fat stored in the adipose tissue) and why he is now at risk of developing type II diabetes by: • Providing background information about what the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) actually are, and how the disease(s) and condition(s) are linked • Linking the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) back to the metabolic pathways/processes identified in part 1 (Word limit = 500 words)

© Endeavour College of Natural Health BIOB111_Assessment_Assignment_S2
Last updated on 4-Mar-19 Page 1 of 12
SUBJECT: Chemistry and Biochemistry – BIOB111
TYPE: Written assignment
DUE DATE: Week 12 Sunday 11:59pm WORD LIMIT: 700 for part 1 +/- 10%
500 for part 2 +/- 10%
WEIGHT: 20% TOTAL MARKS: 100
The following questions provide problem-solving scenarios that focus mainly on either
carbohydrate, protein or lipid metabolism. You are required to answer in detail, as outlined in
the task-specific guidelines, using clear and concise, scientific English. References are
included to assist with your research and writing in scientific English, your writing style and
research technique. Please read and follow the marking guide carefully to understand the
assessment criteria, and ask your lecturer, online tutor or librarian if you have further queries.
© Endeavour College of Natural Health BIOB111_Assessment_Assignment_S2
Last updated on 4-Mar-19 Page 2 of 12
Choose 6 or more metabolic pathways/processes relevant to your chosen
topic from the list below to discuss in your assignment (use the overviews
below to help with this process)
Note not all pathways are relevant to all topics. You must choose pathways/processes
relevant to your chosen topic to obtain marks for your descriptions of these
pathways/processes.
• Carbohydrate digestion/absorption
• Lipid digestion/absorption
• Protein digestion/absorption
• Glycolysis
• Lipolysis
• Ketogenesis
• Gluconeogenesis
• The urea cycle
• Anaerobic respiration
• Oxidative deamination
• The citric acid cycle (part of aerobic respiration/ the common metabolic pathway)
• Lipogenesis
• The electron transport chain (part of aerobic respiration/ the common metabolic
pathway)
• Oxidative phosphorylation (part of aerobic respiration/ the common metabolic pathway)
• Glycogenolysis
• Transamination
• Glycogenesis
• Beta-oxidation
• Fat storage in the adipose tissue
• Movement of glucose from the blood into cells
• Removal of urea from the body
Note: Students are not required to outline every step of the metabolic pathways/processes
chosen.
For each of your chosen pathways/processes outline the principle events that occur in
the pathways/process and discuss the purpose/significance of the pathway/process.
Note: Your response must be written in essay form, where all of the information is incorporated
into full sentences and paragraphs.
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© Endeavour College of Natural Health BIOB111_Assessment_Assignment_S2
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© Endeavour College of Natural Health BIOB111_Assessment_Assignment_S2
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TASK:
Choose one (1) topic from the following list:
1. In the last few decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically. The rise in
obesity is thought to correlate with the increased intake of added sugar and/or the
large-scale consumption of “junk food”. As a student of Chemistry and Biochemistry
you have been asked to explain why John, who is 18 years old, is at risk of
developing type 2 diabetes. John consumes a large amount of fried chips
(carbohydrate rich meal) with most meals and weighs 40 kg more than the
recommended weight for his age. In your explanation, outline the processes involved
in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of carbohydrate.
I. Explain the metabolic pathways/processes involved in the digestion, absorption
and metabolism of the carbohydrate rich meals that John consumes.
(Word limit =700 words)
II. Explain how John’s over-consumption of carbohydrate rich meals has caused
him to become obese (excess fat stored in the adipose tissue) and why he is now
at risk of developing type II diabetes by:
• Providing background information about what the disease(s) and
condition(s) (relevant to the case) actually are, and how the disease(s) and
condition(s) are linked
• Linking the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) back to the
metabolic pathways/processes identified in part 1
(Word limit = 500 words)
2. After excessive vomiting and difficulty breathing a six-week-old baby was rushed to
intensive care unit. Pathology results showed the baby was suffering from
hyperammonemia and had a positive nitrogen balance (higher level of nitrogen than in
a healthy individual). As a student of biochemistry use your knowledge to explain the
possible causes of the baby’s condition. Support your explanation by referring to the
milk protein diet of the baby particularly focusing on the digestion, absorption and
metabolism of protein.
I. Explain the metabolic pathways/processes involved in the digestion, absorption
and metabolism of the protein consumed by the baby on the milk protein diet.
(Word limit = 700 words)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health BIOB111_Assessment_Assignment_S2
Last updated on 4-Mar-19 Page 6 of 12
II. Explain how the baby’s hyperammonemia condition is linked to the baby’s positive
nitrogen balance by:
• Providing background information about what the disease(s) and
condition(s) (relevant to the case) actually are, and how the disease(s) and
condition(s) are linked
• Linking the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) back to the
metabolic pathways/processes identified in part 1
(Word limit = 500 words)
3. The average adult requires approximately 8700 kilojoules per day to provide the energy
needed to power the processes that maintain the body. An untreated diabetic individual
is dependent on triacylglycerol (TAG) as the primary energy source, as these individuals
are unable to bring glucose inside their cell to begin the carbohydrate metabolic
pathways. Outline the metabolic pathways and processes required to digest, absorb and
metabolism the TAG lipid.
As a student of biochemistry use your knowledge to explain why an individual who is
unable to metabolise glucose (untreated diabetic) will in time be unable to derive energy
from lipid, and instead utilise ketone bodies as their primary energy source.
I. Explain the metabolic pathways/processes involved in the digestion, absorption and
metabolism of the TAG lipid consumed in dietary fats and oils, as well as the
generation of ketone bodies.
(Word limit = 700 words)
II. Explain why untreated diabetics produce such high levels of ketone bodies, which
places them at risk of ketoacidosis by:
• Providing background information about what the disease(s) and
condition(s) (relevant to the case) actually are, and how the disease(s) and
condition(s) are linked
• Linking the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) back to the
metabolic pathways/processes identified in part 1
(Word limit = 500 words).
© Endeavour College of Natural Health BIOB111_Assessment_Assignment_S2
Last updated on 4-Mar-19 Page 7 of 12
If you want some inspiration on deciding your topic…
If your assignment is on obesity and metabolic syndrome you may want to listen to the following
TED talk about current trends in understanding a global epidemic. As a surgeon and a selfexperimenter, Dr Peter Attia has been working to ease the diabetes epidemic by challenging
what we think we know about the causes and re-thinking new ways of improving the scientific
rigor in nutrition and obesity research – The TED talk is not something that is required and
cannot be referred to in your assignment unless you would like to use his primary papers as
your references:

If you are interested answering questions on effect of genetic mutations on the health of babies
born with mutations in the enzymes of the urea cycle pathway, then you may want to listen Dr
William Gahl who was called a “super-diagnostician” by the University Of Wisconsin School Of
Medicine. Dr Gahl is the head of the Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) at the NIH and is
responsible finding the causes and diagnosis of patients who have had no proper diagnosis of
their condition, after years of visits to other doctors. He describes some intriguing and
mystifying cases and uses logic and teamwork to solve the undiagnosed diseases. He also
brings to light an important and ongoing problem as cures and drugs for people with rare
diseases are often overlooked by drug companies because of the unprofitability of these
medications.

If your assignment is on fat consumption, energy generation and ketone complications in
patients with diabetes, you might want to listen to the Healthy Food Guide’s Niki Bezzant on
“healthy eating made simple”. Niki outlines how healthy eating or eating in moderation can
be made simple and the six things we need to know about how we think of our food.

NIKI BEZZANT TED TALK

Whilst researching and writing your assignment you should consider the following:
• The central role of enzymes in catalyzing the reactions of life
• The primary metabolic pathways that power cells
• The intricate mechanisms that regulate cellular metabolism or biochemical pathways
• The integration of biochemical processes in the context of cells, tissues, and whole
organisms
• The structure and function of the chemical building blocks of life.
• The characterization of major metabolic pathways and their interconnection into tightly
regulated networks, and the manipulation of enzymes and pathways with mutations or
© Endeavour College of Natural Health BIOB111_Assessment_Assignment_S2
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drugs or their effects when regulation breaks down either through defective or mutated
genes or a disease process.
• Macro nutrients and energy transformation, homeostasis, regulation, significance of
compartmentalization, and macromolecular structure.
• Understanding of the significance of the pathway in terms cellular energy and other
metabolic outcomes
GENERAL GUIDELINES AND PRESENTATION FOR THIS TASK:
In order to be successful in this assignment you will need to:
1. Read Chapter 1, sections 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.6 of the Communication Skills Handbook, Summers and Smith – these
sections will give you an overview on the “nuts-and-bolts” of writing; formal writing in third person voice will be
expected in this assignment: you can use headings and/or paragraphs only to give cohesion and flow to your text;
extensive editing, accurate citation of references, style, formatting and consistency of heading will earn higher marks
on professional writing.
2. Read Chapter 5 of the Communication Skills Handbook, Summers and Smith – this chapter will lead you to think
about how to research the 2 required primary research articles.
3. Include two (2) references in total (primary sources from the literature) for part II.
4. Primary sources (journals) are preferred but secondary sources can be used to attain marks. Secondary sources
interpret and analyse primary sources. Texts, and peer-reviewed, online equivalents to texts (usually .org or .edu or
.gov) are tertiary sources. Do not use Wikipedia.
5. One or more biochemistry text books must be referenced for part I of the assignment (includes information that
comes from lectures).
6. The assignment needs to be done in pdf document format.
7. Use Arial font, size 11, 1½ line spaced. Your student name and number should be in the “header” on every page.
GENERAL GUIDELINES:
Academic Writing and Student Integrity:
Writing on all assessments is expected to be of an academic standard and presentation, and
all non-original work must be properly referenced. Additional support can be found at the top
of the LMS Main Page under the Learning Resources Skills tab.
Please note that Turnitin score of 15% or higher can lead to negligent or dishonest plagiarism.
To assist you in avoiding high Turnitin score and to show you how to use Turnitin for similarity
reporting we have prepared a video which you can find here:

Note that all forms of plagiarism and cheating are taken very seriously at Endeavour. Please
ensure that you are familiar with the Student Integrity Policy: https://acnm.s3-ap-southeast2.amazonaws.com/pub/DOCID-3-589.pdf and that you are mindful of avoiding the use of any
work that is not your own without proper attribution as well as never allowing your work to be
used by another student.
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Word Count
Word count must be clearly displayed on the first page. Words in excess of 10% beyond the
required word count will not be marked. Word count does include in-text citations.
Diagrams are not compulsory and are not required, but you may want to use them to illustrate
a point. NOTE: if you use them they have to be your own compilation – copying and
pasting of other authors’ diagrams is not accepted.
Quoting
Quotes are NOT appropriate in this assessment. Only paraphrasing of ideas is acceptable.
Paraphrasing needs to be referenced as per the Endeavour Referencing Guide.pdf available
for download from the library website https://ecnh.ent.sirsidynix.net.au/client/en_GB/ecnh.
Late Submission
Assessments must be handed in by the stated time. Students submitting an assessment after
the due date and without an approved extension of time will lose 10% of their mark on the
assessment per day it is late. See www.endeavour.edu.au for all forms and the Assessment
Policy.
Submission of the Assignment
The assignment is to be submitted electronically in PDF no later than Sunday 11:55 pm AEST
of Week 12. Your final assignment will need to be submitted to Turnitin. Your final draft that
you upload must comply with anti-plagiarism clauses in the Assessment Policy (<15%
similarity index, no inappropriate (non-peer reviewed) websites
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Marking rubric: Part I
Prescribed Research Level 1
Criteria 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0
Find & Generate
Number of different relevant
metabolic pathways/processes
correctly and coherently described
(minimum of three sentences)
10 Marks
10
Correctly and coherently
described six or more
metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
8
Correctly and
coherently described
five metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
6
Correctly and
coherently described
four metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
4
Correctly and
coherently described
three metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
2
Correctly and
coherently described
two metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
0
Correctly and
coherently described
zero or one metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
Organise & Manage
Number of correctly explained links
made between the two different
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes relevant to the
chosen topic
10 Marks
10
Established six or more
correctly explained links
between two different
metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
8
Established five
correctly explained
links between two
different metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
6
Established four
correctly explained
links between two
different metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
4
Established three
correctly explained
links between two
different metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
2
Established two
correctly explained
links between two
different metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
0
Established zero or
one correctly
explained links
between two different
metabolic
pathways/processes
relevant to the chosen
topic
Find & Generate
Explanation of the principal events
that occur during the relevant
metabolic pathways/processes
20 Marks
20
Excellent understanding of
the principal events that
occur in all of the relevant
metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
16
Very good
understanding of the
principal events that
occur in the majority of
the relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
12
Good understanding
of the principal events
that occur in the
majority of the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
8
Some evidence of
understanding of the
principal events that
occur in the majority
of the relevant
metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
4
Some
misunderstanding of
the principal events
that occur in the
majority of the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
0
Major
misunderstanding of
the principal events
that occur in the
majority of the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
Analyse & Synthesise
Explanation the
significance/purpose of the
metabolic pathways/processes
referenced
15 Marks
15
Excellent understanding of
the significance/purpose
events that occur in all of
the relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
12
Very good
understanding of the
significance/purpose
that occur in the
majority of the relevant
metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
9
Good understanding
of the
significance/purpose
that occur in the
majority of the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
6
Some evidence of
understanding of the
significance/purpose
that occur in the
majority of the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
3
Some
misunderstanding of
the
significance/purpose
that occur in the
majority of the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
0
Major
misunderstanding of
the
significance/purpose
that occur in the
majority of the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
referenced
© Endeavour College of Natural Health Assignment Template – Higher Education
Last updated on 4-Mar-19 Version: 5.0 Page 11 of 12
Marking rubric: Part II
Prescribed Research Level 1
Embark & Clarify
Background information
describing what the
disease(s)/condition(s)
(referenced in the case)
relevant to the chosen
topic are, and an
explanation of why the
identified
disease(s)/condition(s)
are often linked
15 Marks
15
Excellent description of background
information to establish what all of the
disease(s)/condition(s) relevant to the
chosen topic are, with an extensive
explanation of how the different
disease(s)/condition(s) identified are
linked
12
Very good description
of background
information to
establish what all of
the
disease(s)/condition(s)
relevant to the chosen
topic are, with an
adequate explanation
of how the different
disease(s)/condition(s)
identified are linked
9
Good description of
background
information to
establish what all of
the
disease(s)/condition(s)
relevant to the chosen
topic are, with
some/minimal
explanation of how the
different
disease(s)/condition(s)
identified are linked
6
Some description of
the background
information to
establish what at least
one of the
disease(s)/condition(s)
relevant to the chosen
topic is, with
some/minimal
explanation of how the
different
disease(s)/condition(s)
identified are linked
3
Some description of
the background
information to
establish what at least
one of the
disease(s)/condition(s)
relevant to the chosen
topic is, but large or
frequent errors in the
explanation are
apparent
0
No description of the
background
information to
establish what the
disease(s)/condition(s)
relevant to the chosen
topic are
Analyse and Synthesise
Linking relevant
metabolic
pathways/processes
(identified in part I) to the
disease(s)/condition(s)
(referenced in the case)
relevant to the chosen
topic
15 Marks
15
Excellent understanding of the links
between the disease(s)/condition(s)
(relevant to the chosen topic) and the
relevant metabolic pathways/processes
(identified in part I)
12
Very good
understanding of the
links between the
disease(s)/condition(s)
(relevant to the
chosen topic) and the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
(identified in part I)
9
Good understanding
of the links between
the
disease(s)/condition(s)
(relevant to the
chosen topic) and the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
(identified in part I)
6
Some evidence that
suggests an
understanding of the
links between the
disease(s)/condition(s)
(relevant to the
chosen topic) and the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
(identified in part I)
3
Minimal evidence that
suggests an
understanding of the
links between the
disease(s)/condition(s)
(relevant to the
chosen topic) and the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
(identified in part I)
0
No evidence that
suggests an
understanding of the
links between the
disease(s)/condition(s)
(relevant to the
chosen topic) and the
relevant metabolic
pathways/processes
(identified in part I)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health Assignment Template – Higher Education
Last updated on 4-Mar-19 Version: 5.0 Page 12 of 12
Marking rubric: Written language and referencing
Communicate & Apply
Prescribed Research Level 1
Written language
5 Marks
5
Well-articulated and
concise language.
Grammar and spelling
was of an
excellent standard
4
Clear and concise
language.
Grammar and spelling
was of a very high
standard.
3
Mostly clear language,
but not concise.
Sound grammar
and spelling.
2
Some language was
Inaccurate or unclear
and was not concise.
Minor grammatical
and spelling errors.
1
The majority of the
language used was
inaccurate or unclear
Major grammatical
and spelling errors.
0
Language is difficult to
understand or is
incoherently written.
Major grammatical
And spelling errors.
In-text Referencing
5 Marks
5
Correct in-text
referencing (citations)
and using two (2)
primary sources and
references a textbook
adequately for part 1
4
Correct in-text
referencing (citations)
and using one (1)
primary source and
one (1) secondary
source and references
a textbook adequately
for part 1
3
Correct in-text
referencing (citations)
and using one (1)
primary source and/or
does not reference a
textbook adequately
for part 1
2
Correct in-text
referencing (citations)
but using unsuitable
sources
1
Incorrect in-text
referencing (citations)
of any source
0
No in-text referencing
(citations)
Referencing list
5 Marks
5
High level of APA
referencing using the
style specified in the
Endeavour
Referencing Guide
4
Demonstrates APA
referencing using the
Endeavour
Referencing Guide
with some small errors
3
Demonstrates APA
referencing using the
Endeavour
Referencing Guide
with many minor
errors
2
Demonstrates APA
referencing using the
Endeavour
Referencing Guide
with major errors
1
Does not demonstrate
use of APA
referencing using the
Endeavour
Referencing Guide
0
No reference list
included

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